Red mud (RM) is the major waste material with strong alkaline discharged which is during
the alumina extraction process. The global stock of RM has exceeded 4 billion tons and its …

As a bulk solid waste with high alkalinity, red mud (RM) not only occupies a large amount of
land and requires high maintenance costs, but also unavoidably generates serious hazards …

Red mud is an industrial waste generated during alumina production containing residual
minerals of bauxite ore. Significant metallic values with appreciable concentration make it a …

Highlights•The different methods to utilise and recycle of bulk bauxite residue are reviewed.•
Demonstrated the red mud compositions and its disposal and environmental impact.•The …

Red mud (RM) is an alkaline waste residue discharged in alumina production. RM
accumulation harms the environment and human health, making it urgent to find harmless …

The long-term storage of bauxite residue (red mud) is harmful to the environment and the
tailing ponds also cover large areas. At the moment there is no large-scale utilization of …

Bauxite residue (red mud) is a hazardous waste generated from alumina refining industries.
Unless managed properly, red mud poses significant risks to the local environment due to its …

Red mud, namely bauxite residue or red sludge, is a potential valued solid waste produced
from the alumina extraction process with substantial reserve of over 2.7 billion tonnes …

Red mud is generated at a rate of up to 175.5 million tons per year. The global stockpile of
red mud is near 4 billion tons. This material is hazardous with pH values from 11 to 13 …

Red mud is the waste of bauxite refinement into alumina, the feedstock for aluminium
production. With about 180 million tonnes produced per year, red mud has amassed to one …