The next generation of surgical robotics is poised to disrupt healthcare systems worldwide,
requiring new frameworks for evaluation. However, evaluation during a surgical robot's …

Context This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU)
guidelines for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer (MMIBC). Objective To …

Importance Robot-assisted radical cystectomy is being performed with increasing frequency,
but it is unclear whether total intracorporeal surgery improves recovery compared with open …

Background Previous randomised controlled trials comparing bladder preservation with
radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer closed due to insufficient accrual …

Purpose To determine the activity of pembrolizumab as neoadjuvant immunotherapy before
radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) for which standard …

Background Whether extended lymphadenectomy is associated with improved disease-free
and overall survival, as compared with standard lymphadenectomy, among patients with …

Purpose: Radical cystectomy (RC) with urinary diversion (UD) is still considered a complex
surgery associated with significant morbidity. Open RC (ORC) remains the reference option …

Objective To study short-term (< 90 days) morbidity and mortality following radical
cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer and identify modifiable risk factors associated with …

Randomised controlled trials commonly use surrogate endpoints to substitute for a target
outcome (outcome of direct interest and relevance to trial participants, clinicians, and other …

Background The introduction of laparoscopy in 1989 revolutionized surgical practices,
reducing post-operative complications, and enhancing outcomes. Despite its benefits …