A bilevel programming model represents the relationship in a specific decision process that
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …

In the history of sustainable development, logistics has been thought of as one of the key
factors in the supply chain network. In the meantime, the issue of Closed-loop Supply Chain …

This paper presents a new mathematical model of the green closed-loop supply chain
network (GCLSCN) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The suggested model can explain the …

A closed-loop option for reusing, remanufacturing, and recycling waste products in the olive
industry creates a high added value for this business network. This fact motivates the …

In recent decades, the rapid growth of the global population has caused a significant
increase in agricultural and food product demands. Thereby, the production of various items …

The shift towards sustainable and regenerative agriculture is being propelled by global
farmers due to increasing awareness of social inequalities and climate change. To make this …

Nowadays, recent advances and developments in the agricultural sector have raised
concerns regarding the environmental impact of agricultural wastes and the safety of …

Recently, the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) and its application to various fields have
been an area of great interest. Despite the importance of CLSC, there remains a paucity of …

Food security is one of the priorities of every country in the World. However, different factors
are making it difficult to meet global targets on food security. Some unprecedented shocks …

In the history of sustainable development, particular attention has been paid to waste
management systems (WMS), especially in smart cities. Putting real-world assumptions into …