Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been changing the paradigm of cancer treatment.
However, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) have also increased with the exponential …

Ophthalmic inflammatory diseases, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, scleritis, and
related conditions, pose considerable challenges to effective management and treatment …

Abstract Background/purpose Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a primary stromal
choroiditis with bilateral granulomatous panuveitis. If initial-onset VKH is treated early and …

Purpose: Increased β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling has been shown to promote the
creation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Preclinical studies have …

Abstract Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is a primary autoimmune stromal
choroiditis. This review aimed to provide a novel perspective of the disease. We took into …

Madarosis is characterized by either complete or partial loss of eyebrow or eyelash hair.
Etiologies for madarosis are varied, and accurate diagnosis is the first step in clinical …

Ocular immunotherapy-related adverse events (IRAEs), although rare, can be sight-
threatening. Our objective was to analyze ocular IRAEs diagnosed in France from the …

Purpose: To investigate the link between treatment with CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoint
blockade inhibitors and the development of noninfectious uveitis. Methods: A survey was …

Abstract Background Appraisals of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) have become
progressively more complete, since its first description in 1906. The availability of new …

The association between vaccines and ocular disorders has attracted significant attention in
scientific research. Numerous mainstream vaccines are associated with a range of uveitis …