During the past five decades, numerical modeling of subduction, one of the most
challenging and captivating geodynamic processes, remained in the core of geodynamic …

Mountain belts modulate denudation flux and hydrologic processes and are thus
fundamental to nutrient cycling on Earth's surface. We used europium anomalies in detrital …

Understanding the interactions between surface and deep Earth processes is important for
research in many diverse scientific areas including climate, environment, energy …

The history of the growth of continental crust is uncertain, and several different models that
involve a gradual, decelerating, or stepwise process have been proposed,,–. Even more …

The Great Unconformity, a profound gap in Earth's stratigraphic record often evident below
the base of the Cambrian system, has remained among the most enigmatic field …

When and how Earth's earliest continents—the cratons—first emerged above the oceans (ie,
emersion) remain uncertain. Here, we analyze a craton-wide record of Paleo-to …

Continental crust is a defining feature of Earth; yet, the mechanisms that control its growth
remain hotly debated. Many approaches to estimating crustal growth focus solely on a single …

Determining when continental masses emerged above the global ocean is crucial to
understanding secular changes in crustal and Earth-surface processes. The emergence of …

It has long been recognized that the advent of vascular plants in the Paleozoic must have
changed silicate weathering and fundamentally altered the long-term carbon cycle. Carbon …

The geologic processes involved in attaining strengthened cratonic lithosphere remain
debated despite their importance for stabilization and long-term preservation. In central …