Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA), which lasted from about 1250 to 1860 AD, was likely the
coldest period of the last 8000 years. Using new documentary data and analyses of alpine …

Understanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of
solar variability, solar‐terrestrial interactions, and the mechanisms determining the response …

The Sun provides the principal energy input into the Earth system and solar variability
represents a significant external climate forcing. Although observations of solar activity …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

A record from Wanxiang Cave, China, characterizes Asian Monsoon (AM) history over the
past 1810 years. The summer monsoon correlates with solar variability, Northern …

Climate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to
characterize regional-scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated …

Presented here is a review of present knowledge of the long-term behavior of solar activity
on a multi-millennial timescale, as reconstructed using the indirect proxy method. The …

The heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) is the extension of the coronal magnetic field carried
out into the solar system by the solar wind. It is the means by which the Sun interacts with …

Understanding natural causes of climate change is vital to evaluate the relative impacts of
human pollution and land surface modification on climate. We have investigated one of the …

The rate of change of climate codetermines the global warming impacts on natural and
socioeconomic systems and their capabilities to adapt. Establishing past rates of climate …