Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH 4) budget is important for assessing
realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Atmospheric emissions and concentrations of …

Gas hydrates have received considerable attention due to their important role in flow
assurance for the oil and gas industry, their extensive natural occurrence on Earth and …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

The global methane (CH 4) budget is becoming an increasingly important component for
managing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. This relevance, due to a shorter …

Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally‐occurring, and highly‐concentrated form of methane,
sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low …

For the past three decades, discussion of naturally-occurring gas hydrates has been framed
by a series of assessments that indicate enormous global volumes of methane present …

The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded
bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

This review describes outcomes of a 2010 horizon-scanning exercise building upon the first
exercise conducted in 2009. The aim of both horizon scans was to identify emerging issues …

A factor of 2.5 increase in the global abundance of atmospheric methane (CH4) since 1750
contributes 0.5 Wm− 2 to total direct radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases (2.77 …