There is an increasing interest in detecting genes, or genomic regions, that have been
targeted by natural selection. The interest stems from a basic desire to learn more about …

Comparative studies of ethnically diverse human populations, particularly in Africa, are
important for reconstructing human evolutionary history and for understanding the genetic …

The identification of signals of very recent positive selection provides information about the
adaptation of modern humans to local conditions. We report here on a genome-wide scan …

High-altitude hypoxia (reduced inspired oxygen tension due to decreased barometric
pressure) exerts severe physiological stress on the human body. Two high-altitude regions …

Patterns of genetic diversity between populations are often used to detect loci under
selection in genome scans. Indeed, loci involved in local adaptations should show high F ST …

Recent studies have shown that low-frequency alleles can sometimes surf on the wave of
advance of a population range expansion, reaching high frequencies and spreading over …

Microsatellites represent codominant molecular genetic markers, which are ubiquitously
distributed within genomes. Due to their high level of polymorphism, relatively small size and …

A central challenge in evolutionary biology is to identify genes underlying ecologically
important traits and describe the fitness consequences of naturally occurring variation at …

Elucidating the genetic basis of adaptive population divergence is a goal of central
importance in evolutionary biology. In principle, it should be possible to identify …

Identifying targets of positive selection in humans has, until recently, been frustratingly slow,
relying on the analysis of individual candidate genes. Genomics, however, has provided the …