Forest microclimates contrast strongly with the climate outside forests. To fully understand
and better predict how forests' biodiversity and functions relate to climate and climate …

Plastic responses figure prominently in discussions on insect adaptation to climate change.
Here we review the different types of plastic responses and whether they contribute much to …

Cold tolerance is important in defining the distribution of insects. Here, we review the
principal physiological mechanisms underlying homeostatic failure during cold exposure in …

Many species face extinction risks owing to climate change, and there is an urgent need to
identify which species' populations will be most vulnerable. Plasticity in heat tolerance …

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide has resulted in scientific projections of changes in global
temperatures, climate in general, and surface seawater chemistry. Although the …

Quantifying the responses of forest disturbances to climate warming is critical to our
understanding of carbon cycles and energy balances of the Earth system. The impact of …

Aim Physiology is emerging as a basis for understanding the distribution and diversity of
organisms, and ultimately for predicting their responses to climate change. Here we review …

The Anthropocene is characterized by a widespread biodiversity crisis that is rivaling
prehistoric mass extinctions. Amphibians are the most threatened class of vertebrates. In …

Extreme temperatures can injure or kill organisms and can drive evolutionary patterns. Many
indices of extremes have been proposed, but few attempts have been made to establish …

This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental
Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal …