Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), including titanium dioxide NPs, among
polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, or fullerenes, are becoming …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological
functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties of ROS, which underlie …

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, either intrinsic or acquired through various
mechanisms, significantly hinders the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Typically, the reduced …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied to treat a wide range of medical conditions,
including wet age-related macular degeneration psoriasis, atherosclerosis, viral infection …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for treatment of cancer and bacterial
infection. Upon excitation by light, photosensitizers (PSs) produce reactive oxygen species …