The spleen combines the innate and adaptive immune system in a uniquely organized way.
The structure of the spleen enables it to remove older erythrocytes from the circulation and …

The endothelium is immunoregulatory in that inhibiting the function of vascular adhesion
molecules blocks leukocyte recruitment and thus tissue inflammation. The function of …

Dependable, current, and complete, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease,
Volume 1-General Pathology is the perennially best-selling text that you'll use long after your …

The majority of dry eye symptoms are due to a chronic inflammation of the lacrimal functional
unit resulting in a loss of tear film integrity and normal function. This leads to a reduction in …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the brain‐specific capillary barrier that is critical for
preventing toxic substances from entering the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to …

Interactions among leukocytes and leukocytes with immune-associated auxiliary cells
represent an essential feature of the immune response that requires the involvement of cell …

All hematopoietic cells, including T lymphocytes, originate from stem cells that reside in the
bone marrow. Most hematopoietic lineages also mature in the bone marrow, but in this …

▪ Abstract Immune modulators such as cytokines and growth factors exert their biological
activity through high-affinity interactions with cell-surface receptors, thereby activating …

Intracorporally implanted materials, such as medical devices, will provoke the body to initiate
an in-flammatory reaction. This inflammatory reaction to implanted materials is known as the …

Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful global pathogen that is remarkable in its ability to
infect nearly any nucleated cell in any warm‐blooded animal. Infection with T. gondii …