Adult cortical areas consist of specialized cell types and circuits that support unique higher-
order cognitive functions. How this regional diversity develops from an initially uniform …

The neocortex is the seat of higher cognitive functions and, in evolutionary terms, is the
youngest part of the mammalian brain. Since its origin, the neocortex has expanded in …

The adult human brain comprises more than a thousand distinct neuronal and glial cell
types, a diversity that emerges during early brain development. To reveal the precise …

Realizing the full utility of brain organoids to study human development requires
understanding whether organoids precisely replicate endogenous cellular and molecular …

Human accelerated regions (HARs) are the fastest-evolving regions of the human genome,
and many are hypothesized to function as regulatory elements that drive human-specific …

Cerebral organoids—3D cultures of human cerebral tissue derived from pluripotent stem
cells—have emerged as models of human cortical development. However, the extent to …

Classical lissencephaly is a genetic neurological disorder associated with mental
retardation and intractable epilepsy, and Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) is the most severe …

Radial glia, the neural stem cells of the neocortex, are located in two niches: the ventricular
zone and outer subventricular zone. Although outer subventricular zone radial glia may …