A critical aspect of evolution is the layer of developmental physiology that operates between
the genotype and the anatomical phenotype. While much work has addressed the evolution …

The rich variety of biological forms and behaviours results from one evolutionary history on
Earth, via frozen accidents and selection in specific environments. This ubiquitous baggage …

Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied
cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very wide variety of chimeric …

A recurrent theme in evolutionary biology is to contrast natural selection and developmental
constraint–two forces pitted against each other as competing explanations for organismal …

There’s Plenty of Room Right Here: Biological Systems as Evolved, Overloaded,
Multi-Scale Machines Next Article in Journal Exploration of the Design of Spiderweb-Inspired …

The theory of evolution links random variation and selection to incremental adaptation. In a
different intellectual domain, learning theory links incremental adaptation (eg, from positive …

How does the genome encode the form of the organism? What is the nature of this genomic
code? Inspired by recent work in machine learning and neuroscience, we propose that the …

Many aspects of health and disease are modeled using the abstraction of a" pathway"—a
set of protein or other subcellular activities with specified functional linkages between them …

Collective intelligence and individual intelligence are usually considered to be
fundamentally different. Individual intelligence is uncontroversial. It occurs in organisms with …

Motivated by the need to paint a more general picture of what life is—and could be—with
respect to the rest of the phenomena of the universe, we propose a new vocabulary for …