The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

The Earth can be viewed as a massive heat engine, with various energy sources and sinks.
Insights into its evolution can be obtained by quantifying the various energy contributions in …

The fourth edition of Physics of the Earth maintains the original philosophy of this classic
graduate textbook on fundamental solid earth geophysics, while being completely revised …

New tungsten isotope data for modern ocean island basalts (OIB) from Hawaii, Samoa, and
Iceland reveal variable 182W/184W, ranging from that of the ambient upper mantle to ratios …

Seismic tomography reveals 2 extensive regions in the lowermost mantle, beneath Africa
and the Pacific, that exhibit lower-than-average seismic wave speeds. These regions have …

Processes within the lowest several hundred kilometers of Earth's rocky mantle play a critical
role in the evolution of the planet. Understanding Earth's lower mantle requires putting …

Abstract The short-lived 182 Hf-182 W isotope system (t 1/2= 9 Ma) left evidence in both
ancient and modern terrestrial rock record of processes that took place during the earliest …

Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahigh-
pressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; …

We have critically reviewed and discussed currently available information regarding the spin
and valence states of iron in lower mantle minerals and the associated effects of the spin …

Many continental rifts are subjected to volcanism in tandem with rifting, which has raised a
long-standing debate about whether magmatism is the cause or the consequence of plate …