With the success of the GATT/WTO in reducing conventional tariff barriers, much of the
recent focus of both regional and multilateral trade agreements has switched to nontariff …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basic structure of international trade
agreements as they exist in practice, explores theoretically the normative consequences of …

World trade is governed by the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor
to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO sets rules of conduct for …

This paper proposes a theory that predicts low levels of protection during periods of" normal"
trade volume coupled with episodes of" special" protection when trade volumes surge. This …

We propose and test two ways in which retaliation threats may dampen the antidum**
(AD) activity we observe. First, the threat of retaliatory AD actions may make a domestic …

Abstract The World Trade Organization (WTO) lacks the power to directly enforce
agreements. It is therefore important to understand what role the WTO can play to facilitate …

Several of the recently negotiated regional trade agreements contain significantly fewer
concessions by the large countries to smaller countries than vice versa. In this paper, we …

The past half century has seen a dramatic multilateral reduction in tariff barriers under
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations. However, as tariff barriers …

Economic theory has yet to provide a convincing argument that can explain why the threat of
retaliation under the GATT/WTO dispute settlement procedures is not sufficient to prevent …

Are preferential trade agreements (PTAs) building or stumbling blocks for multilateral trade
liberalization? I address this question in an infinitely repeated tariff game between three …