The conjecture that negative emotions underpin support for far‐right politics is common
among pundits and scholars. The conventional account holds that authoritarian populists …

The second-order election (SOE) model as originally formulated by Reif and Schmitt (1980)
suggests that, relative to the preceding first-order election result, turnout is lower in SOEs …

Political parties increasingly operate at multiple political levels. Nevertheless, we do not yet
know much about the consequences of these multilevel electoral systems (MLESs) on party …

Satisfaction with democracy is a vastly studied research topic. In this Element, the authors
aim to make sense of this context by showing that elections (electoral processes and …

Less researched than the second-order character of elections to the European Parliament
(EP) is the 'Europeanness' of European elections and its implications for voter participation …

This article contributes to the debate about the introduction of the Spitzenkandidaten (lead
candidates) in the 2014 European Parliament (EP) election. Focusing on parties' efforts to …

Second‐order election research clearly reveals that national incumbency impacts on
European election outcomes but despite the increasing importance of regions few studies …

Most political systems consist of multiple layers. Yet datasets are predominantly situated at a
single territorial tier, encouraging methodological nationalism, regionalism, and localism …

In der vergleichenden Regierungslehre wird die „föderale Demokratie “nicht als
eigenständiger Typus betrachtet. Daher blieb auch das Verhältnis von Föderalismus und …

Scholars mostly concentrate on those agreements that are written at the national level when
analysing coalition agreements. However, there are also a considerable amount of coalition …