Abstract The Southern Ocean serves as the primary gateway through which the
intermediate, deep, and bottom waters of the ocean interact with the surface ocean (and thus …

Time and space scales of processes relevant to the upper ocean ecosystem span more than
9 orders of magnitude, consequently adequate sampling of the oceanic environment is a …

LARGE, rapidly sinking organic aggregates are an important component of the carbon flux
from the ocean's surface to its depths. Marine snow, the main type of large (< 0.5 mm) …

The global distribution pattern of coccolithophorid blooms was mapped in order to ascertain
the prevalence of these blooms in the world's oceans and to estimate their worldwide …

DURING the last glaciation, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was about 30%
less than the Holocene pre-industrial value1. Although this change is thought to originate in …

The sea ice does not only determine the ecology of ice biota, but it also influences the
pelagic systems under the ice cover and at ice edges. In this paper, new estimates of Arctic …

This paper synthesizes current ideas on the role of the microbial loop in carbon fluxes in the
ocean and proposes some directions for future research. Organic matter flux into bacteria is …

The “transfer efficiency” of sinking organic particles through the mesopelagic zone and into
the deep ocean is a critical determinant of the atmosphere− ocean partition of carbon …

A regional pigment retrieval algorithm for the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS)
has been tested for the Southern Ocean. The pigment concentrations estimated with this …

The “biological carbon pump” causes carbon sequestration in deep waters by downward
transfer of organic matter, mostly as particles. This mechanism depends to a great extent on …