In the past decade there has been a growing interest in understanding sex and gender
differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and the purpose of this review …

Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

It is well known that cardiovascular disease manifests differently in women and men. The
underlying causes of these differences during the aging lifespan are less well understood …

Hypertension (HTN) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events, target organ
damage (TOD), premature death and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of HTN is …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition affecting> 40 million people worldwide. It is defined
by failure of the heart to pump (HF with reduced ejection fraction) or by the failure of the …

Women and men, female and male animals and cells are biologically different, and
acknowledgement of this fact is critical to advancing medicine. However, incorporating …

Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of develo** novel treatments to improve human
health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical …

Although aging is a conserved phenomenon across evolutionary distant species, aspects of
the aging process have been found to differ between males and females of the same …

Nearly all cardiovascular diseases show sexual dimorphisms in prevalence, presentation,
and outcomes. Until recently, most clinical trials were carried out in males, and many animal …

The convergence of tissue engineering and patient-specific stem cell biology has enabled
the engineering of in vitro tissue models that allow the study of patient-tailored treatment …