I propose that synchronization affects communication between neuronal groups. Gamma-
band (30–90 Hz) synchronization modulates excitation rapidly enough that it escapes the …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

Transcranial electric stimulation is a non-invasive tool that can influence brain activity;
however, the parameters necessary to affect local circuits in vivo remain to be explored …

Primate visual cortex is hierarchically organized. Bottom-up and top-down influences are
exerted through distinct frequency channels, as was recently revealed in macaques by …

The hippocampal local field potential (LFP) shows three major types of rhythms: theta, sharp
wave–ripples and gamma. These rhythms are defined by their frequencies, they have …

Summary Gamma oscillations (∼ 30–150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit
functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal …

INTRODUCTION Learning induces a dynamic reorganization of brain circuits but the
neuronal mechanisms underlying this process are not well understood. Interregional gamma …

What mechanisms underlie flexible inter-areal communication in the cortex? We consider
four mechanisms for temporal coordination and their contributions to communication:(1) …

GABAergic inhibitory circuits play an essential role in coordinating various hippocampal
functions. Several decades of work dedicated to a thorough characterization of hippocampal …

Hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) have been hypothesized as a mechanism for
memory consolidation and action planning. The duration of ripples shows a skewed …