As swollen polymer networks in water, hydrogels are usually brittle. However, hydrogels with
high toughness play critical roles in many plant and animal tissues as well as in diverse …

Laminated metal composites (LMCs) are a unique form of composite material in which
alternating metal or metal containing layers are bonded together with discrete interfaces …

The book is divided into two parts dealing with the fundamental issues of processing
(Chapter 2) and the thermomechanical response (Chapter 3) of a FGM. Chapter 1 provides …

THE science governing the strength and fracture of structural ceramics has developed from
a mostly empirical topic in 1965 into a mature discipline that now sets the standards in the …

A Comprehensive and Self-Contained Treatment of the Theory and Practical Applications of
Ceramic Materials When failure occurs in ceramic materials, it is often catastrophic …

The fracture toughness of ceramics can be improved by the incorporation of a variety of
discontinuous, elastic reinforcing phases that generate a crack‐bridging zone. Recent …

An assessment of the processing and properties of interpenetrating phase composites is
presented. Such materials, defined as multiphase composites in which each phase is …

The toughening behavior of whisker‐reinforced ceramics is analyzed in terms of a whisker
bridging zone immediately behind the crack tip. This approach is consistent with microscopy …

In this paper, the crack-tip fields in a general nonhomogeneous material are summarized.
The fracture toughness and R-curve of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are studied …

The toughening of brittle matrices by the dispersion of a ductile phase has provided
composite materials with important property combinations. However, the characteristics of …