Ethnopharmacological relevance Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on
systems biology theory, biological system network analysis, and multi-target drug molecule …

Renal dysfunction is one of the strongest predictors of outcome in heart failure. Several
studies have revealed that both reduced perfusion and increased congestion (and central …

Aims Effective and safe decongestion remains a major goal for optimal management of
patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The effects of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 …

Congestion is a cardinal sign of heart failure (HF). In the past, it was seen as a
homogeneous epiphenomenon that identified patients with advanced HF. However, current …

Venous congestion has emerged as an important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with
cardiorenal syndrome. However, only limited progress has been made in differentiating this …

Aims Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve clinical outcome in
patients with heart failure (HF), but the mechanisms behind their beneficial effects are not yet …

Background SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising treatment option in patients with heart failure
and reduced ejection fraction. We aimed to investigate the effects of empagliflozin on …

Aims Treatment with sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improves
outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. There is …

Background The importance of assessing venous congestion in ICU patients is widely
acknowledged, but its study is hampered by the lack of a practical evaluation tool. The …

The removal of interstitial fluid from the tissues is performed exclusively by the lymphatic
system. Tissue edema in congestive heart failure occurs only when the lymphatic system …