Swarm is the first European Space Agency (ESA) constellation mission for Earth
Observation. Three identical Swarm satellites were launched into near-polar orbits on 22 …

Abstract The European Space Agency's three Swarm satellites were launched on 22
November 2013 into nearly polar, circular orbits, eventually reaching altitudes of 460 km …

This paper provides a brief review of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
(MSTIDs). MSTIDs have been thought to be caused exclusively by atmospheric gravity …

We assess the performance of the thermal ion imaging (TII) technique as conceived for the
Swarm Earth Explorer satellites. Analysis, simulation, and laboratory testing performed prior …

Based on Swarm satellite data from 2015 through 2018, we present the mean characteristics
of magnetic field fluctuations at midlatitudes and low latitudes. It is the first comprehensive …

Abstract The European Space Agency's Swarm constellation can measure electric field,
magnetic field, and plasma density on board multiple satellites at altitudes of about 500 km …

Magnetic and electric field observations from the European Space Agency Swarm mission
are used to report the direction of electromagnetic energy flux associated with equatorial …

Current methods for estimating ion density on Swarm rely on the assumption of 100% O+
and no along-track ion velocity flows. These assumptions are routinely violated, particularly …

In mid-and low-latitude ionospheric F-region on the dayside, magnetic field and electron
density (Ne) fluctuations with amplitude smaller than a few nT and 1–2% of Ne, respectively …

Thermal ion measurements from the French Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions
Transmitted from Earthquake Regions micro‐satellite have been used to study the …