ICA–instrumentation, control and automation–is a hidden technology. It is ubiquitous in all
industrial processes, including water and wastewater treatment systems. Still, as long as …

Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) refers to the process of cell-to-cell bacterial communication
enabled through the production and sensing of the local concentration of small molecules …

Nitrogen (N) removal from high-strength wastewater can be accomplished in single-stage
combined nitritation-anammox reactors with suspended growth biomass composed of …

A multipopulation model of a membrane-aerated biofilm (MAB) considering heterotrophic
bacteria (HB), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was …

In recent years, the advances in microbiology show that biofilms are structurally complex,
dynamic and adaptable systems including attributes of multicellular organisms and …

Anaerobic sewage treatment is a proven technology in warm climate regions, and sponge-
bed trickling filters (SBTFs) are an important post-treatment technology to remove residual …

Harnessing the potential of biocatalytic conversion of renewable biomass into value-added
products is still hampered by unfavorable process economics. This has promoted the use of …

A robust computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model accounting for both spatial and temporal
dynamics of a subsurface vertical flow treatment wetland system was developed by …

Biofilms grown on free-floating plastic media are increasingly being used to cultivate biofilms
in integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) systems …

Multi-species biofilm modeling has been used for many years to understand the interactions
between species in different biofilm systems, but the complex symbiotic relationship …