The spatio-temporal pattern of peak Holocene warmth (Holocene thermal maximum, HTM) is
traced over 140 sites across the Western Hemisphere of the Arctic (0–180° W; north of∼ 60° …

Fossil pollen data, as illustrated by isopoll and isochrone maps, document the complex late
Quaternary history of tundra and boreal forest development in northcentral Alaska. Major …

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into
the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of …

The previous chapters have provided a first insight into the heterogeneity, complexity and
great physiognomic and ecological variety of the timberline phenomenon; a heterogeneity …

A unified scheme to assign pollen samples to vegetation types was used to reconstruct
vegetation patterns north of 55° N at the last glacial maximum (LGM) and mid‐Holocene …

FUTURE greenhouse warming is expected to be particularly pronounced in boreal regions1,
and consequent changes in vegetation in these regions may in turn affect global climate2–4 …

We reconstructed a 3500‐yr history of fluctuations in treeline elevation and tree abundance
in the southern Sierra Nevada. Treeline elevation was higher than at present throughout …

Regional paleoclimate reconstructions for northern Canada quantify Holocene climate
variability on orbital and millennial time scales and provide a context to better understand …

The effect of stratospheric ozone depletion on increases in ambient levels of solar ultraviolet
(UV) radiation in high-latitude regions has raised concerns about the response of northern …

Pollen data have been used to construct biome maps for today, 6000 14C yr bp and 18,000
14C yr bp for Canada and the eastern United States. The inferred modern biome …