Pollination is the primary step in seed formation. Pollination biologists have shown that
pollination failure can occur at all steps in the dispersal process and at several different …

Background The rich literature that characterizes the field of pollination biology has focused
largely on animal-pollinated plants. At least 10% of angiosperms are wind pollinated, and …

Island biogeography is the study of the distribution and dynamics of species in island
environments. Due to their isolation from more widespread continental species, islands are …

Wind pollination (anemophily) of angiosperms probably evolved from insect pollination
(entomophily) in response to pollinator limitation and changes in the abiotic environment …

Background In angiosperm evolution, autogamously selfing lineages have been derived
from outbreeding ancestors multiple times, and this transition is regarded as one of the most …

The transport and capture of pollen in∼ 20% of all angiosperm families occurs in air and
water. In other words, pollination is abiotic and occurs via the fluid media, not an animal …

The order Poales comprises a substantial portion of plant life (7% of all angiosperms and
33% of monocots) and includes taxa of enormous economic and ecological significance …

Charles Darwin studied floral biology for over 40 years and wrote three major books on plant
reproduction. These works have provided the conceptual foundation for understanding floral …

Wind pollination is predominantly a derived condition in angiosperms and is thought to
evolve in response to ecological conditions that render animal pollination less …

Ambophily, the mixed mode of wind and insect pollination is still poorly understood, even
though it has been known to science for over 130 years. While its presence has been …