After more than a year of unrest, a small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall,
Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The eruption lasted six months. The first six weeks were …

Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic
eruptions, and their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates of …

Lava fountains are a common manifestation of basaltic volcanism. While magma degassing
plays a clear key role in their generation, the controls on their duration and intermittency are …

In the past 4000 years, three rifting episodes have occurred on the Reykjanes Peninsula
(RP, SW Iceland) at time intervals of about 800-1000 years, with the activation of four of the …

In March 2021 an effusive eruption began at the Fagradalsfjall volcanic system in Iceland,
ending nearly 800 years of dormancy on the Reykjanes peninsula. The eruption produced …

Decades of studies at divergent plate margins have revealed networks of magmatic sills at
the crust-mantle boundary. However, a lack of direct observations of deep magma motion …

Active basaltic eruptions enable time-series analysis of geochemical and geophysical
properties, providing constraints on mantle composition and eruption processes,,–. The …

Syneruptive magma mixing is widespread in volcanic eruptions, affecting explosivity and
composition of products, but its evidence in basaltic systems is usually cryptic. Here we …

Analyzing seismic data in a timely manner is essential for potential eruption forecasting and
early warning in volcanology. Here, we demonstrate that unsupervised machine learning …

The two volcanic eruptions of 2021 and 2022 at Fagradalsfjall in SW Iceland occurred within
the Reykjanes Peninsula Oblique Rift, a segment of the complex boundary in Iceland …