Phagocytosis is a cellular process for ingesting and eliminating particles larger than 0.5 μm
in diameter, including microorganisms, foreign substances, and apoptotic cells …

The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process
of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in …

One hundred years have passed since the death of Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916). He was
the first to observe the uptake of particles by cells and realized the importance of this …

Phagocytosis is a fundamental process of cells to capture and ingest foreign particles. Small
unicellular organisms such as free-living amoeba use this process to acquire food. In …

Phagocytosis, the regulated uptake of large particles (> 0.5 μm in diameter), is essential for
tissue homeostasis and is also an early, critical component of the innate immune response …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammation course, which could induce life‐
threatening diseases such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Optimal medical treatments …

Macropinocytosis has received increasing attention in recent years for its various roles in
nutrient acquisition, immune surveillance, and virus and cancer pathologies. In most cases …

Transition metals have been recognized and studied primarily in the context of their
essential roles as structural and metabolic cofactors for biomolecules that compose living …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to be a clinical risk factor for bone diseases
including osteoporosis and fragility. Bone metabolism is a complicated process that requires …

Phagocytosis is a fundamental immune function against foreign microorganisms and
abnormal cells, and it is also a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Blood as the …