This is an extended version of my Nobel Lecture, delivered on December 8, 2021. I will
recall the genesis of the concept of multiple equilibria in natural sciences. I will then describe …

Mode-coupling theory is an approach to the study of complex behavior in the supercooled
liquids which developed from the idea of a nonlinear feedback mechanism. From the …

How do statistical dependencies in measurement noise influence high-dimensional
inference? To answer this, we study the paradigmatic spiked matrix model of principal …

The glass transition is well known to glass makers or from the common ex perience of drying
a used chewing gum. A liquid melt or a rubber becomes a solid glass when its temperature …

We present a simple derivation of the stochastic equation obeyed by the density function for
a system of Langevin processes interacting via a pairwise potential. The resulting equation …

The metastable states of a glass are localized and counted by adding a weak pinning field
that explicitly breaks the ergodicity. The entropy of the metastable states, that is, the …

We review recent theoretical progress on glassy dynamics, with special emphasis on the
importance and universality of the aging regime, which is relevant to many experimental …

The subject of jamming and rheology is a broad and interdisciplinary one that is generating
increasing interest. This book deals with one of the oldest unsolved problems in condensed …

We propose a first principles computation of the thermodynamics of simple fragile glasses
starting from the two-body interatomic potential. A replica formulation translates this problem …

We present a detailed study of simple" tree" models for off equilibrium dynamics and aging
in glassy systems. The simplest tree describes the landscape of a random energy model …