Genetic circuits and reaction cascades are of great importance for synthetic biology,
biochemistry and bioengineering. An open question is how to maximize the modularity of …

Catalysis is an essential feature of living systems biochemistry, and probably, it played a key
role in primordial times, hel** to produce more complex molecules from simple ones …

The rise of peptides with secondary structures and functions would have been a key step in
the chemical evolution which led to life. As with modern biology, amino acid sequence …

Background The imidazole group is an ubiquitous chemical motif present in several key
types of biomolecules. It is a structural moiety of purines, and plays a central role in …

The emergence of life from nonlife, or abiogenesis, remains a fundamental question in
scientific inquiry. In this article, we investigate the probability of the origin of life (per …

The link between non-enzymatic RNA polymerization and RNA self-replication is a key step
towards the “RNA world” and still far from being solved, despite extensive research. Clay …

The origin of translation is critical for understanding the evolution of life, including the origins
of life. The canonical genetic code is one of the most dominant aspects of life on this planet …

This article proposes an evolutionary trajectory for the development of biological energy
producing systems. Six main stages of energy producing system evolution are described …

Almost all modern proteins possess well-defined, relatively rigid scaffolds that provide
structural preorganization for desired functions. Such scaffolds require the sufficient length of …

The five-membered heterocyclic imidazole group, which is an essential component of
purines, histidine and many cofactors, has been abiotically synthesized in different model …