Exosomes, which are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells, are attracting increasing interest
in the field of biomedical research due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles that are released from cells and reflect
the characteristics of the mother cell. Recently, the EVs have been used in several types of …

Background Epilepsy affects∼ 60 million people worldwide. Most antiseizure medications in
the market act on voltage-gated sodium or calcium channels, indirectly modulating …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide with limited treatment
options. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) hold …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles of various sizes that can be
secreted by most cells. EVs contain a diverse array of cargo, including RNAs, lipids …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. By
performing compensatory functions and improving the inflammatory microenvironment, the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely recognized for their potential as drug delivery
systems. EVs are membranous nanoparticles shed from cells. Among their natural features …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent complication in the eye resulting from
diabetes mellitus, predominantly associated with high blood sugar levels and hypertension …

Remodeling retinal Müller glial fate, including gliosis inhibition and pro-reprogramming,
represents a crucial avenue for treating degenerative retinal diseases. Stem cell …

Retinal diseases are the leading cause of blindness, resulting in irreversible degeneration
and death of retinal neurons. One such cell type, the retinal ganglion cell (RGC), is …