Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many …

Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of …

Representing the 60 trillion cells that build a human body, a sperm and an egg meet,
recognize each other, and fuse to form a new generation of life. The factors involved in this …

We review the evolution and structure of members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-
β) family, antagonistic or agonistic modulators, and receptors that regulate TGF-β signaling …

Several organisms have evolved the ability to measure daylength, or photoperiod, allowing
them to adjust their development in anticipation of annual seasonal changes. Daylength …

▪ Abstract We review the current status of research in dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning in
vertebrates. Emphasis is placed on recent work on Xenopus, which provides a paradigm for …

Since morpholino oligos were first introduced as a means to inhibit gene function in
embryos, in the Spring of 2000, they have been tested in a range of model organisms …

Develo** tissues form spatial patterns by establishing concentration gradients of diffusible
signaling proteins called morphogens. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) morphogen …

The basic vertebrate body plan of the zebrafish embryo is established in the first 10 hours of
development. This period is characterized by the formation of the anterior-posterior and …

Developmental patterning relies on morphogen gradients, which generally involve feedback
loops to buffer against perturbations caused by fluctuations in gene dosage and expression …