In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, appeared, causing a wide range of
symptoms, mainly respiratory infection. In March 2020, the World Health Organization …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which can arise from a broad spectrum of distinct
aetiologies, can manifest as a pulmonary complication of an underlying autoimmune and …

Background At present, no approved pharmacotherapies are available for unclassifiable
interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is characterised by progressive fibrosis of the lung. We …

The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities of oral selective phosphodiesterase
4 (PDE4) inhibitors enabled the approval of roflumilast and apremilast for use in chronic …

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) refer to a heterogeneous and complex group of conditions
characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, or both, in the interstitium of the lungs. This results in …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease leading to significant morbidity
and mortality. In 2017 the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) and Lung …

Two antifibrotic medications (nintedanib and pirfenidone) were recommended
(conditionally) for the treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the …

Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is associated with a poor prognosis and
high mortality. Numerous studies have documented acute exacerbation in idiopathic …

Tissue fibrosis is a key driver of end-stage organ failure and cancer, overall accounting for
up to 45% of deaths in developed countries. There is a large unmet medical need for …

Background: The American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese
Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax convened to update clinical …