BACKGROUND It has long been thought that the factors affecting embryo and foetal
development were exclusively maternally derived; hence, if issues regarding fertility and …

Purpose Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is associated with intrinsic testicular defects
that severely impair sperm production. Although NOA invariably leads to infertility, focal …

Clinical infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of trying. Male factors
are estimated to contribute to 30–50% of cases of infertility. Infertility or reduced fertility can …

Infertility rates and the number of couples seeking fertility care have increased worldwide
over the past few decades. Over 2.5 million cycles of assisted reproductive technologies are …

Background Sperm chromatin integrity is essential for normal embryo development and
pregnancy outcome. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing constitutes a diagnostic tool to …

Thanks to the advancements in micro-and nanomechatronics techniques, the capability to
inject foreign materials into target locations inside biosamples has become increasingly …

The differential diagnosis between obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia is the first
step in the clinical management of azoospermic patients with infertility. It includes a detailed …

Sperm selection in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is sophisticated. Only about 1,000
sperm out of millions in an ejaculate reach the fallopian tube and thus have a chance of …

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are 2 major assisted
reproductive techniques (ARTs) used widely to treat infertility. Recently, spermatogonial …

More than 1000 genes are predicted to be predominantly expressed in mouse testis, yet
many of them remain unstudied in terms of their roles in spermatogenesis and sperm …