In recent decades, log-based process data has been increasingly used in computer-based
assessments to examine test-takers' response patterns and latent traits. This study provides …

Using appropriate tools strategically to aid in problem solving is a crucial skill identified in K-
12 mathematics curriculum standards. As more assessments transition from paper-and …

Studies have indicated that pictures in test items can impact item-solving performance,
information processing (eg, time on task) and metacognition as well as test-taking affect and …

In 2017, the mathematics assessments that are part of the National Assessment of
Educational Progress (NAEP) program underwent a transformation shifting the …

This editorial provides a comprehensive framework and overview of potential uses and next
steps in research on process data in computer-based assessments, expanding toward …

Many test items use both an image and text, but present them in a spatially separate
manner. This format could potentially cause a split‐attention effect in which the test taker's …

Pauses represented in process data captured from digital learning and assessment tasks
are defined as the time elapsed between two subsequent events. Pauses are used as a …

This research synthesizes studies that used a Digitalized Interactive Component (DIC) to
assess K-12 student performance during Computer-based-Assessments (CBAs) in …

Students exhibit many behaviors when responding to items on a computer-based test, but
only some of these behaviors are relevant to estimating their proficiencies. In this study, we …

As the use of process data in large-scale educational assessments is becoming more
common, it is clear that data on examinees' test-taking behaviors can illuminate their …