Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is arguably the most conspicuous feature of bacterial
evolution. Evidence for HGT is found in most bacterial genomes. Although HGT can …

Horizontal gene transfer is an important evolutionary force, facilitating bacterial diversity. It is
thought to be pervasive in host-associated microbiomes, where bacterial densities are high …

Antibiotics target essential cellular functions but bacteria can become resistant by acquiring
either exogenous resistance genes or chromosomal mutations. Resistance mutations …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) drives microbial adaptation but is often under the control of
mobile genetic elements (MGEs) whose interests are not necessarily aligned with those of …

Unlike eukaryotes, which evolve principally through the modification of existing genetic
information, bacteria have obtained a significant proportion of their genetic diversity through …

Mutation and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) continually give rise to new bacterial
genotypes. Infrequently, such new bacterial genotypes establish and spread in the larger …

Microbial communities are vital in the functioning of all ecosystems; however, most
microorganisms are uncultivated, and their roles in natural systems are unclear. Here, using …

Horizontal genetic transfer (HGT) has played an important role in bacterial evolution at least
since the origins of the bacterial divisions, and HGT still facilitates the origins of bacterial …

Humans normally experience the conscious self as localized within their bodily borders. This
spatial unity may break down in certain neurological conditions such as out-of-body …

The Escherichia coli species represents one of the best-studied model organisms, but also
encompasses a variety of commensal and pathogenic strains that diversify by high rates of …