In 2002, Chien et al. proposed an efficient remote authentication scheme using smart cards,
in which only few hashing operations are required. Later, Ku et al. gave an improved …

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an extremely popular interface standard for computer
peripheral connections and is widely used in consumer Mass Storage Devices (MSDs) …

User authentication is the process of verifying the legitimacy of a user. Until now, several
authentication schemes using smart card proposed in the literature and each proposed …

In distributed systems, user authentication schemes based on password and smart card are
widely used to ensure only authorized access to the protected services. Recently, Chang et …

With the rapid spread of cloud computing and ever increasing big data generated by Internet
of Things (IoT), remote user authentication poses the biggest challenge. Internet of Things is …

Recently, many biometrics‐based user authentication schemes using smart cards have
been proposed to improve the security weaknesses in user authentication system. In 2011 …

The telecare medicine information system enables the patients gain health monitoring at
home and access medical services over internet or mobile networks. In recent years, the …

The rapid growth of internet technologies has provided various functions that allow easy
remote user or customer access to its many systems. However, the responsibility of the …

This paper initiates the study of two specific security threats on smart-card-based password
authentication in distributed systems. Smart-card-based password authentication is one of …

Authentication thwarts unauthorised users from accessing resources in insecure network
environments. Password authentication based on smart cards is one of the simplest and …