Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS)
have opened a variety of exciting research fields. However, although a vast number of …

This is a tutorial on use of external-electric-fields (EEFs) as effectors of chemical change.
The tutorial instructs readers how to conceptualize and design electric-field effects on bonds …

Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the chemical composition of a sample, which
can in turn be used to extract biological information. Many materials have characteristic …

Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) as' smart reagents' are no longer a theoretical
dream. Here, we discuss the wide-ranging potential of using OEEFs to catalyse and control …

This work reviews different types of substrates used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
(SERS) that have been developed in the last 10 years. The different techniques of self …

The ability to detect multiple disease-related targets from a single biological sample in a
quick and reliable manner is of high importance in diagnosing and monitoring disease. The …

Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a small soluble heme protein characterized by a relatively flexible
structure, particularly in the ferric form, such that it is able to sample a broad conformational …

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved significantly over fifty years
into a powerful analytical technique. This review aims to achieve five main goals.(1) …

This review regards the use of dynamic electrochemistry to study the mechanism of redox
enzymes, with exclusive emphasis on the configuration where the protein is adsorbed onto …

Enzymes immobilized on solid supports have important and industrial and medical
applications. However, their uses are limited by the significant reductions in activity and …