Introduction: Neuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes. Its management focuses on
glycaemic control, multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention, pathogenesis-oriented …

Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant able to produce its effects in aqueous or lipophilic
environments. Lipoate is the conjugate base of lipoic acid, and the most prevalent form of LA …

Background Oxidative stress is a key player in the genesis and worsening of diabetic kidney
disease (DKD). We aimed at collecting all available information on possible benefits of …

Microvascular complications are responsible for a major proportion of the burden associated
with diabetes contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden in …

Chronic kidney disease is generally progressive and currently has no reliable treatment to
reverse a decline in kidney function or to slow the progression of the disease. Diabetic …

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease.
Current pharmacological interventions only retard DN progression. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with biological and regulatory properties, produced from arginine
by the way of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and with a very short half-life (few seconds). A …

Diabetes mellitus, a well-established risk factor for stroke, is related to higher mortality and
poorer outcomes following the stroke event. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), their …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is more prevalent with an increase in diabetes mellitus.
Oxidative stress is a major factor in the occurrence and progression of DKD. Defending …

Excess of saturated free fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), in hepatocytes has been
implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. α-Lipoic acid (LA) is an antioxidant that …