Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix
which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it …

Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that
contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian …

Score Probiotics extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential as EV‐based
nanomaterials therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although …

Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria …

Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections.
However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for
the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and …

Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic
wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms …

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication between proximal and distant cells is a
highly conserved characteristic in all of the life domains, including bacteria. These vesicles …

Artificial multienzyme scaffolds are being developed for in vitro cascaded biocatalytic activity
and, in particular, accessing substrate channeling. This review covers progress in this field …