Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Ecto-nucleotidases play a pivotal role in purinergic signal transmission. They hydrolyze
extracellular nucleotides and thus can control their availability at purinergic P2 receptors …

Purinergic receptors, represented by several families, are arguably the most abundant
receptors in living organisms and appeared early in evolution. After slow acceptance …

Microglia are critical nervous system-specific cells influencing brain development,
maintenance of the neural environment, response to injury, and repair. They contribute to …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

Despite major advances in a variety of neuroscientific research fields, the majority of
neurodegenerative and neurological diseases are poorly controlled by currently available …

This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P 2 X
and P 2 Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A 1 and A 2A receptors) …

The adenosine receptors (ARs) in the nervous system act as a kind of “go-between” to
regulate the release of neurotransmitters (this includes all known neurotransmitters) and the …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychoactive drug, enhances attention/vigilance,
stabilizes mood, and might also independently enhance cognitive performance. Notably …