Cholinergic synapses are ubiquitous in the human central nervous system. Their high
density in the thalamus, striatum, limbic system, and neocortex suggest that cholinergic …

Cortical gain regulation allows neurons to respond adaptively to changing inputs. Neural
gain is modulated by internal and external influences, including attentional and arousal …

The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to
dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered …

Acetylcholine in the brain alters neuronal excitability, influences synaptic transmission,
induces synaptic plasticity, and coordinates firing of groups of neurons. As a result, it …

Salient stimuli redirect attention and suppress ongoing motor activity. This attentional shift is
thought to rely upon thalamic signals to the striatum to shift cortically driven action selection …

A balanced interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling in the striatum is
critical to goal-directed behavior. But how this interaction modulates corticostriatal synaptic …

Positive, prosocial interactions are essential for survival, development, and well-being.
These intricate and complex behaviors are mediated by an amalgamation of neural circuit …

Enhanced oscillations at beta frequencies (8–30 Hz) are a signature neural dynamic
pathology in the basal ganglia and cortex of Parkinson's disease patients. The mechanisms …

Striatal D2-type dopamine receptors (D2Rs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of
neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Although …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are central for the processing and reinforcement of
reward‐related behaviors that are negatively affected in states of altered dopamine …