Background This paper reports results from the 5th International Conference “Controversies
in Vitamin D” that was held in Stresa, Italy, 15–18 September 2021. The conference is part of …

There is a large literature on the relationship between obesity and bone. What we can
conclude from this review is that the increase in body weight causes an increase in BMD …

Introduction: Vitamin D has been primarily studied as an important factor influencing bone
and calcium metabolism. Metabolites of vitamin D are essential for whole-body calcium …

Background Vitamin D is a micronutrient which is essential to help maintain bone and
musculoskeletal health1. However, recent research has highlighted a crucial supportive role …

Obesity and osteoporosis have become major global health problems over the last decades
as their prevalence is increasing. The interaction between obesity and bone metabolism is …

In recent years, there have been reports suggesting a high prevalence of low vitamin D
intakes and vitamin D deficiency or inadequate vitamin D status in E urope. Coupled with …

Lower vitamin D in obese people is a consistent finding across age, ethnicity, and
geography. This may not always reflect a clinical problem. Obese people need higher …

Adipose tissue has long been identified as the major site of vitamin D storage. Recent
studies have demonstrated that VDR and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in …

OBJECTIVE To quantitatively assess the strength and shape of the association between
blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels and incident risk of type 2 diabetes …

Overweight and obesity according to the definition of the WHO are considered as an
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Studies comparing fracture …