With rubble predicted to increase on coral reefs worldwide, we review the physical,
biological, and ecological dynamics of rubble beds, with a focus on how rubble generation …

Structural complexity provided by the living coral reef framework is the basis of the rich and
dynamic biodiversity in coral reefs. In many cases today, the reduction in habitat complexity …

Indonesia's coral reefs have been severely damaged by global and local stressors, and a
range of active restoration techniques are now being used in attempts to rebuild degraded …

Pantropical degradation of coral reefs is prompting considerable investment in their active
restoration. However, current measures of restoration success are based largely on coral …

In 2019, the United Nations Environment Assembly requested that the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) define …

Ecosystem restoration has been practiced for over a century and is increasingly supported
by the emergent applied science of restoration ecology. A prerequisite for successful …

Coral reef restoration activity is accelerating worldwide in efforts to offset the rate of reef
health declines. Many advances have already been made in restoration practices centred …

The loss of functional and accreting coral reefs reduces coastal protection and resilience for
tropical coastlines. Coral restoration has potential for recovering healthy reefs that can …

Local and global stressors have led to rapid declines in coral reef health around the world. A
range of active restoration techniques have recently been introduced in attempts to stem and …

Monitoring of reef restoration efforts and artificial reefs (ARs) has typically been limited to
coral fragment survival, hampering evaluation of broader objectives such as ecosystem …