Paleogeography is the study of the changing surface of Earth through time. Driven by plate
tectonics, the configuration of the continents and ocean basins has been in constant flux …

A timeframe of glacial and nonglacial intervals in the Carboniferous and Permian systems of
eastern Australia was published by Fielding et al.(2008a). In this scheme, eight discrete …

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is a critical tool in all plans to limit warming to below 1.5° C,
but only a few CDR pathways have been incorporated into integrated assessment models …

On multimillion-year time scales, Earth has experienced warm ice-free and cold glacial
climates, but it is unknown whether transitions between these background climate states …

The glacial-interglacial transitions of ice ages are associated with large, rapid changes in
climate, which potentially can be reconstructed from stratigraphic profiles of the chemical …

Earth's persistent habitability since the Archean remains poorly understood. Using an
oxygen isotope ensemble approach—comprising shale, iron oxide, carbonate, silica, and …

In the Precambrian, reverse weathering—a process consuming oceanic silica, metal cations
and alkalinity to form marine clays—was a key control of the long-term carbon cycle …

Climatic and non‐climatic factors affect the chemical weathering of silicate rocks, which in
turn affects the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere on a long‐term scale. However, the …

Mammals have dominated Earth for approximately 55 Myr thanks to their adaptations and
resilience to warming and cooling during the Cenozoic. All life will eventually perish in a …

The Paleozoic emergence of terrestrial plants has been linked to a stepwise increase in
Earth's O 2 levels and a cooling of Earth's climate by drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 …