Microfabricated integrated circuits revolutionized computation by vastly reducing the space,
labor, and time required for calculations. Microfluidic systems hold similar promise for the …

Since their invention just over 20 years ago, optical traps have emerged as a powerful tool
with broad-reaching applications in biology and physics. Capabilities have evolved from …

Cohesin is a chromosome-bound, multisubunit adenosine triphosphatase complex. After
loading onto chromosomes, it generates loops to regulate chromosome functions. It has …

MEMS technology and applications have grown at a tremendous pace, while structural
dimensions have grown smaller and smaller, reaching down even to the molecular level …

A statistical mechanical treatment of the wormlike chain model (WLC) isused to analyze
experiments in which double-stranded DNA, tethered at one end, is stretched by a force …

Single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the mechanical
properties of titin, the giant sarcomeric protein of striated muscle. Individual titin molecules …

Force-extension (Fx) relationships were measured for single molecules of DNA under a
variety of buffer conditions, using an optical trap** interferometer modified to incorporate …

The written version of my lecture is a personal account of the development of laser cooling
and trap**. Rather than give a balanced history of the field, I chose to present a personal …

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are essential for genome
organization from bacteria to humans, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly …

We used a force-measuring laser tweezers apparatus to determine the elastic properties of λ-
bacteriophage DNA as a function of ionic strength and in the presence of multivalent cations …