Microorganisms (bacteria, archaea and fungi), in addition to lichens and insect pests, cause
problems in the conservation of cultural heritage because of their biodeteriorative potential …

Cultural heritage includes everything that mankind has created in the past and has impacted
the development of culture. These objects can be subject to biodeterioration, including the …

Raman spectroscopy is a rapid nondestructive technique providing spectroscopic and
structural information on both organic and inorganic molecular compounds. Extensive …

Two subterranean ancient Chinese tombs of over 1700 years old, one from the ** Dynasty
and another from the Han Dynasty, were investigated in relation to black spots associated …

Abstract The Maijishan Grottoes, located on the ancient Silk Road in West China, was
constructed from the 4th centuries onward for more than 1500 years and became a …

The conservation of artwork is an important aspect of preserving human culture and artistic
expression. Both knowledge and technology can be essential in artwork conservation …

Co** with Biological Growth on Stone Heritage Objects: Methods, Products, Applications,
and Perspectives offers hands-on guidance for addressing the specific challenges involved …

Uncultured microorganisms comprise most of the microbial diversity existing on our planet.
Despite advances in environmental sequencing and single-cell genomics, in-depth studies …

Salt-weathering is a deterioration mechanism affecting building materials that results from
repetitive cycles of salt crystallisation-dissolution in the porous mineral network under …

Biofilm-forming cyanobacteria are widespread inhabitants of exposed stones in
archaeological and historical sites and caves. Outdoors, these phototrophic biofilms are …