Various properties of chitosan can be customized by thiolation for very specific needs in a
wide range of application areas. Since the discovery of thiolated chitosans, many studies …

In recent years, transmucosal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) have been extensively studied
because they protect therapeutic agents from degradation; improve drug residence time at …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the major health problems. However,
blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes traditional oral and intravenous delivery of CNS drugs …

Topical drug delivery against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) serves as an effective alternate
approach to improve efficacy and reduce systemic adverse effects. The purpose of this study …

Purpose Duloxetine (DLX) is dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor suffering
from limited bioavailability (≈ 40%) due to extensive hepatic metabolism. This work aims to …

Letrozole (LTZ) is used as first-line treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer (BC) in
postmenopausal women. However, its poor aqueous solubility and permeability have …

Neurons and their connecting axons gradually degenerate in neurodegenerative diseases
(NDs), leading to dysfunctionality of the neuronal cells and eventually their death. Drug …

Aphthous stomatitis is a common inflammatory oral disease with challenging management.
Crocin is a natural carotenoid that has shown great anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of …

These proniosomes, which are dry surfactant-coated particles that form niosomal dispersion
in hot aqueous fluids immediately on stirring, are the subject of this review paper. It is easier …

As a mental disease in modern society, depression shows an increasing occurrence, with
low cure rate and high recurrence rate. It has become the most disabling disease in the …