A rapidly growing empirical literature is studying the causes and consequences of bank
fragility in contemporary economies. The paper reviews the two basic methodologies …

This paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of financial development
and economic growth. The survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either …

The systems of innovation approach is considered by many to be a useful analytical
approach for better understanding innovation processes as well as the production and …

This article examines how addressing climate-related risks and supporting mitigation and
adaptation policies fit into central bank mandates. We conduct an analysis of mandates and …

Using 7900 bank observations from 80 countries for the 1988–1995 period, this paper
examines the extent and effect of foreign presence in domestic banking markets. We …

For over a century, economists and policymakers have debated the relative merits of bank-
based versus market-based financial systems. Recent research, however, argues that …

Is the financial system important for economic growth? One line of research argues that it is
not; another line stresses the importance of the financial system in mobilizing savings …

This paper uses information on individual loan contracts to study the effects of government
ownership on bank lending behavior. State-owned banks charge lower interest rates than …

This study examines the effect of financial inclusion on poverty and vulnerability to poverty of
Ghanaian households. Using data extracted from the seventh round of the Ghana Living …

I would like to discuss improvements in our understanding of economic development, in
particular the emergence of what is sometimes called the 'post-Washington Consensus'. My …