The fragmentation of production across countries has become an important feature of the
globalization in recent decades and is often conceptualized by the term “global value …

As a classical trade model, the gravity model plays an important role in the trade policy-
making process. However, the effect of physical distance fails to capture the effects of …

In real-world networks, community structures often appear as tightly connected clusters of
nodes, with recent studies suggesting a hierarchical organization where larger groups …

Climate change mitigation strategies are developed at international, national, and local
authority levels. Technological solutions such as renewable energies (RE) and electric …