This paper reviews foundations for offshore wind energy convertors considering the
significant growth of offshore wind energy since the early 2000s. The characteristics of …

Wind energy is one of the most sustainable and renewable resources for power generation.
Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) derive significant wind energy compared to onshore …

Pile foundations used in liquefiable deposits often have large slenderness ratios, and these
piles are particularly vulnerable to earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and occur buckling …

Immediately following the 11th March 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku (Japan) earthquake, a field
investigation was carried out around the Tokyo Bay area. This paper provides first-hand …

Estimating the natural frequencies of a wind turbine system consisting rotor, nacelle, tower,
foundation and surrounding soil is one of the important design considerations. This paper …

Four large laminar-box shaking table experiments are conducted to document pile response
due to the mechanism of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Single-pile and pile-group …

Observations from previous strong earthquakes reported severe damage of piles installed in
different soils, particularly liquefiable saturated sand deposits. This paper examines the …

Large magnitude earthquakes are low-probability but high-risk events. While these events
cannot be accurately predicted or prevented, understanding the behaviour of structures …

This paper presents the steel tunnel–sand–pile interaction (TSPI) response under scaled
(0.05 g and 0.1 g) seismic excitations (Kobe and Loma Prieta) and sinusoidal wave …

Some offshore wind farms are built in seismically active areas. The offshore wind turbine
(OWTs) are high-rise structures and sensitive to lateral failures during the earthquake. In this …